编辑:石家庄环球雅思
托福阅读的词汇备考是个受争议的话题。有些考生认为托福阅读词汇备考不重要,而有些考生则认为得词汇者得天下。在托福阅读中遇到生词,如果过多依赖词典会打断托福阅读思路,影响速度及理解,这就需要学生学会猜词。
可这不是说平时阅读一涉及到生词便去猜测,如有条件使用词典,同学们还是应该将不会的生词一一查明,并加以记忆。只有这样才能扩充我们的词汇量,提高阅读理解能力。猜词可有多种方法,下面介绍几种常用且准确性高的方法,同样也适合在托福阅读考试中。
一、利用上下文线索猜测词义
1、根据同义、反义关系猜词
Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______grandparents.
A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy
解析:traditional与liberal意思相反,故选B.
2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated
解析:根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为“感到孤立”,故选D.
二、利用构词法猜测词义(利用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)
1、用前、后缀猜测词义英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到以不变应万变的效果。
1、He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有“超过、过于”之意,overwork意思是“工作过多,劳累过度”。再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有:
mis-错,误:misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当
mid-中央:midnight半夜;midway半路
under-低于:underdone半生不的;underestimate低估
anti-反对:antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂
下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词:
(1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)
(2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize,modernize)
2、利用合成词猜测词义。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.根据短语构成及上下文意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in.再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发),set out-outset(名词起始),come in-income(名词收入)
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