例子用来证明前面的观点”实例分析

环球教育--阎国栋

所谓的“例子用来证明前面的观点”是一种语言现象，我们通常是先说完一个观点，然后举例来论证，本身是一种写作手法，但是在雅思阅读里却起着极其重要的做题作用。下面举个选择题的例子：

例：剑7的28页，第29题

In this passage, the author uses theexamples of a book and a lecture to illustrate that

A.     both of these areimportant for developing concentration.

B.     his theory aboutmethods of learning is valid.

C.     reading is a bettertechnique for learning than listening.

D.     we can remember thingsmore easily under hypnosis

这道题属于典型。题目当中说用书和演讲来证明什么，那么观点性的东西必定会在此之前，也就意味着，文章中出现在例子后面的东西是绝对不对的！

原文：

Lozanov's instructional technique is based on the evidence that theconnections made in the brain through unconscious processing (which he callsnon-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than those made throughconscious processing. Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know fromour experience that we often remember what we have perceived peripherally, longafter we have forgotten what we set out to learn. If we think of a book westudied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recall peripheraldetails-the color, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where wesat while studying it一than the content on which we wereconcentrating. If we think of a lecture we listened to with greatconcentration, we will recall the lecturer’s appearanceand mannerisms, our place in the auditorium, the failure of theair-conditioning, much more easily than the ideas we went to learn. Even ifthese peripheral details are a bit elusive, they come back readily in hypnosisor when we relive the event 。imaginatively, as inpsychodrama. The details o}the content of the lecture, on. the other hand, seemto have gone forever.

首先，A选项的concentration在原文出现两次，但两次都对不上developing的意思，因此A选项是要排除的.C选项在原文没有提及，也不对。现在最大的迷惑项就是D选项。D选项中的hypnosis 在原文提到了，但是明显出现在例子后面。例子用来证明前面的观点，出现在例子后面的东西不可能是观点，因此是可以排除的。这样答案就已经出来了。观点到底在哪儿呢？在第一句呢Lozanov's instructional technique is based on the evidence that。其中instructional是指教学的意思，原文讲的是人家的教学方法是基于什么的，讲了半天讲的是人家的方法好使。但是非得找到观点吗？排除例子后面的不就做出答案了吗？

其实，在实际做题当中，这种方法远不止选择题。段意题也是如此，读着读着见到了例子，那前面的东西必定是观点性的，前面的东西能读懂，段意就出来了。